Chapter 19: Evaporators
| 19.1 | Introduction | 3 |
| 19.1.1 | Evaporators related important references | 3 |
| 19.2 | Types of Evaporators | 3 |
| 19.2.1 | Natural circulation type | 3 |
| 19.2.2 | Forced-Circulation Evaporator | 12 |
| 19.2.3 | Agitated Thin Film Evaporators | 18 |
| 19.2.4 | Horizontal Tube Evaporators | 19 |
| 19.2.5 | Plate Heat Exchanger Evaporator | 21 |
| 19.3 | Special Evaporator Types | 22 |
| 19.4 | Evaporator Auxiliaries | 25 |
| 19.5 | Selection of Evaporators | 26 |
| 19.6 | Energy Efficiency of Evaporation Plants | 26 |
| 19.6.1 | Multiple-effect evaporation | 27 |
| 19.6.2 | Thermal vapour recompression | 28 |
| 19.6.3 | Mechanical vapour recompression | 28 |
| 19.7 | Mass/energy flow diagrams of an evaporator with Different types of heating |
29 |
| 19.8 | Methods of Feeding of Evaporators | 31 |
| 19.9 | Performance of Evaporators (Capacity and Economy) | 33 |
| 19.9.1 | Thermal/ Process Design Considerations | 34 |
| 19.9.2 | Single-effect evaporation | 36 |
| 19.9.3 | Multiple-Effect Evaporator Systems | 38 |
| 19.9.3.1 | Capacity and Economy of Multiple-Effect Evaporators | 38 |
| 19.9.3.2 | Effect of boiling-point elevation on capacity of evaporators | 38 |
| 19.9.3.3 | Effect of liquid head and friction on temperature drop | 41 |
| 19.10 | Mechanical Design Considerations | 41 |
| 19.11 | Multiple effect calculations | 42 |
| 19.12 | Examples of Process Calculations for Evaporation | 45 |
| 19.13 | Process Data Sheet of Package Evaporation Plant | 57 |
| 19.14 | References | 62 |
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