10.1 | Introduction | 3 |
10.1.1 | Fired Heaters related important references | 3 |
10.2 | Codes and Related Practices | 3 |
10.3 | Applications of Fired Heaters | 3 |
10.4 | Heater Selection and Types of Fired Heaters | 4 |
10.4.1 | Direct Fired Heaters | 5 |
10.4.2 | Indirect Fired Heaters | 10 |
10.4.3 | Heaters classification defined based on draft | 10 |
10.4.4 | Comparison between API and DIN standards | 13 |
10.5 | Design Practices | 13 |
10.5.1 | Heater Components | 17 |
10.6 | Heat Transfer Design Guidelines | 22 |
10.6.1 | Process Design of Heaters | 22 |
10.6.2 | Combustion Basics | 23 |
10.7 | Combustion Side Design Considerations | 61 |
10.7.1 | Fuel | 61 |
10.7.1.1 | Gaseous fuels | 61 |
10.7.1.2 | Liquid Fuels | 66 |
10.7.2 | Combustion Air | 70 |
10.7.3 | Fuel Emmisivity | 75 |
10.8 | Guidelines on Recommended Firebox Geometry | 76 |
10.9 | Burner System Design | 78 |
10.9.1 | Burners | 79 |
10.10 | Air Preheat benefits | 86 |
10.11 | Atomisation | 86 |
10.11.1 | Mechanisms of Liqiuds Atomization | 86 |
10.12 | Importance of Proper Ducting To Multiple Burners in Fired Heater | 90 |
10.13 | Refractory and Heater Tube Materials | 91 |
10.13.1 | Details on Types of Refractory Materials | 93 |
10.14 | Materials of Construction | 97 |
10.14.1 | Mettalurgy of Various Components Of Heaters | 97 |
10.15 | Acid Dewpoint | 100 |
10.16 | Soot Blowers | 104 |
10.17 | Air Preheaters | 105 |
10.18 | Stacks and Ducts | 106 |
10.19 | Dampers | 106 |
10.20 | Heater Instrumentation | 107 |
10.21 | Overall control schemes | 107 |
10.22 | Burner Management System | 119 |
10.23 | Environmetal Aspects Concerning Fired Heaters | 127 |
10.24 | Performance Monitoring of Fired Heaters | 132 |
10.25 | Layout Considerations for Fired Heaters | 133 |
10.26 | Design Parameters of a Large API 560 Heater | 134 |
10.27 | Process Datasheet (PDS) Preparation | 137 |
10.28 | References | 142 |
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