Chapter 7: Pressure vessels, Tanks and Bullets
| 7.1 | Introduction | 3 |
| 7.1.1 | Related important references | 3 |
| 7.2 | Pressure Vessels | 3 |
| 7.2.1 | Definition | 3 |
| 7.2.2 | Types of equipment coming under pressure vessel category | 3 |
| 7.2.3 | Codes and Standards | 3 |
| 7.2.3.1 | Pressure Vessel codes of few countries | 4 |
| 7.2.3.2 | ASME Section I | 6 |
| 7.2.3.3 | ASME Section VIII Division I | 6 |
| 7.2.3.4 | ASME Section VIII Division II | 7 |
| 7.2.3.5 | ASME Section VIII, Division III | 7 |
| 7.2.3.6 | ANSI CODE | 7 |
| 7.2.3.7 | Non-Code Vessels | 8 |
| 7.3 | Process Engineer’s Role | 8 |
| 7.4 | Storage Tanks | 11 |
| 7.4.1 | Definitions | 11 |
| 7.4.2 | Specifying Storage Requirements | 11 |
| 7.4.3 | Tank Services | 12 |
| 7.4.4 | Classification of Products | 13 |
| 7.4.5 | Tank Types | 13 |
| 7.4.5.1 | Low Pressure Storage Tanks | 14 |
| 7.4.5.2 | Floating Roof Tanks | 18 |
| 7.4.5.3 | Spheres and Bullets | 22 |
| 7.4.5.4 | Refrigerated / Cryogenic Storage | 24 |
| 7.4.5.5 | Mounded Bullets | 31 |
| 7.4.6 | Guidelines for Location and Spacing | 33 |
| 7.4.7 | General Appurtenances | 33 |
| 7.4.7.1 | Nozzles | 33 |
| 7.4.7.2 | Tank Heating | 33 |
| 7.4.7.3 | Protective Coatings | 34 |
| 7.4.7.4 | Tank Mixing | 34 |
| 7.4.7.5 | Draw-Off Sump | 39 |
| 7.4.8 | Tank Breathing | 39 |
| 7.4.8.1 | Determination of Normal Vacuum/Venting Capacities | 40 |
| 7.4.8.2 | Determination of Pressure Set Points on Blanketed Tanks | 41 |
| 7.4.8.3 | Determination of Emergency Venting Capacity | 43 |
| 7.4.8.4 | Pressure/vacuum valves for Floating Roof Tanks | 43 |
| 7.4.9 | Safety Considerations | 46 |
| 7.4.10 | Design Considerations for Tankfarm Layout | 47 |
| 7.4.11 | Corrosion Allowance | 54 |
| 7.4.12 | Sizing | 54 |
| 7.4.13 | Process Datasheet Preparation | 54 |
| 7.5 | References | 58 |
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