Chapter 4: Compressors
| 4.1 | Introduction | 4 |
| 4.1.1 | Compressors related important references | 4 |
| 4.1.2 | Industry Codes and Standards | 4 |
| 4.2 | Compressor Types | 5 |
| 4.3 | Compressor Selection | 6 |
| 4.4 | Centrifugal / Axial Compressor Selection | 11 |
| 4.4.1 | Advantages Attributed to Centrifugal Compressors | 11 |
| 4.4.2 | Limitations of Centrifugal Compressors | 12 |
| 4.4.3 | Axial Compressor Advantages | 13 |
| 4.4.4 | Axial Compressor Disadvantages | 13 |
| 4.4.5 | Dynamic compressor components and functions | 16 |
| 4.4.6 | Thermodynamic Equations for Gas Compression | 18 |
| 4.4.7 | Head Calculation | 20 |
| 4.4.8 | Polytropic Efficiency | 21 |
| 4.4.9 | Compressor Discharge Temperature | 22 |
| 4.4.10 | Power Requirements | 22 |
| 4.4.11 | Mollier Diagram Method | 23 |
| 4.4.11.1 | Application of Mollier Diagram | 24 |
| 4.4.12 | Casing Arrangements | 28 |
| 4.4.13 | Performance Curves for Centrifugal and Axial Compressors | 30 |
| 4.4.13.1 | Actual Volume | 32 |
| 4.4.14 | Fan Laws | 33 |
| 4.4.15 | Axial Compressor Basic Theory | 34 |
| 4.4.16 | Efficiency of an Operating Machine | 34 |
| 4.4.17 | Example of calculation of gas properties | 37 |
| 4.4.18 | Centrifugal Compressor Calculation Examples | 42 |
| 4.4.19 | Axial Compressors Sizing Example | 46 |
| 4.4.20 | Glossary for Centrifugal / Axial Compressor | 49 |
| 4.5 | Reciprocating Compressor Selection | 52 |
| 4.5.1 | Principle of Operation | 52 |
| 4.5.2 | Lubrication | 56 |
| 4.5.3 | Advantages Attributed to Reciprocating Compressors | 58 |
| 4.5.4 | Limitations of Reciprocating Compressors | 58 |
| 4.5.5 | Pulsation Control in Reciprocating compressors | 60 |
| 4.5.6 | Performance Calculations for Reciprocating compressor | 60 |
| 4.5.6.1 | Intercoolers | 62 |
| 4.5.6.2 | Volumetric Efficiency | 62 |
| 4.5.6.3 | Power Calculation for reciprocating compressor | 65 |
| 4.5.6.4 | Typical Compression ratios | 67 |
| 4.5.6.5 | Size ratings for reciprocating compressors | 68 |
| 4.5.7 | Reciprocating Compressor Calculations | 68 |
| 4.5.8 | Glossary for Reciprocating Compressor | 77 |
| 4.6 | Rotary Compressor Selection | 80 |
| 4.6.1 | Rotary compressors- general design considerations | 86 |
| 4.7 | Specialized Compression Equipment | 92 |
| 4.7.1 | Ejectors | 92 |
| 4.7.2 | Diaphragm Compressor | 92 |
| 4.7.3 | Scroll Compressor | 93 |
| 4.8 | Miscellaneous Parts for Compressors | 95 |
| 4.8.1 | Couplings | 95 |
| 4.8.2 | Gears | 98 |
| 4.8.3 | Bearings | 99 |
| 4.8.3.1 | Bearing Lubrication | 101 |
| 4.8.4 | Packing Glands | 105 |
| 4.8.5 | Compressor Seals | 105 |
| 4.8.6 | Vibration Monitoring Techniques | 112 |
| 4.9 | Definitions and Formulae | 114 |
| 4.10 | Process Datasheet Preparation | 118 |
| 4.10.1 | Design Cases | 119 |
| 4.10.2 | Specification of Overdesign Factor | 119 |
| 4.10.3 | Fluid Properties | 119 |
| 4.10.4 | Setting Compression Ratios | 120 |
| 4.10.5 | Process Staging | 120 |
| 4.10.6 | Compressor Efficiency | 121 |
| 4.10.7 | Sparing Philosophy | 121 |
| 4.10.8 | Design Pressure and Temperature | 122 |
| 4.11 | Process Control | 123 |
| 4.11.1 | Centrifugal Compressors | 123 |
| 4.11.1.1 | Phenomena of Surge in Centrifugal compressors | 123 |
| 4.11.1.2 | Antisurge Control for Compressed Air Centrifugal Compressors | 130 |
| 4.11.1.3 | Stonewall | 131 |
| 4.11.1.4 | Centrifugal Compressor Control | 131 |
| 4.11.2 | Axial Compressor Control | 137 |
| 4.11.3 | Reciprocating Compressors Process Control | 140 |
| 4.11.4 | Screw Compressors Process Control | 141 |
| 4.12 | Determination of Design Pressure in Centrifugal Compressor System |
143 |
| 4.13 | References | 149 |
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