Process Design vs Equipment Design in Chemical Engineering: A Complete Guide Ever walked into a chemical plant and wondered who decides what equipment goes where—and why? Or maybe you're a student trying to understand why your professor keeps talking about "process" and "equipment" as if they're completely different things? Here's the truth: they are different. [...]

Understanding Heat Exchangers: Types and Applications What Are Heat Exchangers? A heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat between two or more fluids without mixing them. These fluids can be liquids, gases, or a combination of both. Heat exchangers are widely used in industries such as chemical processing, power generation, HVAC, and food processing. […]

Understanding TEMA Types in Heat Exchangers What is TEMA? The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA) classifies shell and tube heat exchangers based on their construction and intended service. The classification system consists of three letters representing different components of the heat exchanger: Front End Head (e.g., A, B, C, etc.) Shell Type (e.g., E, F, […]

Type of positive displacement compressor with two screws meshing the gas from lower to higher pressure.

Type of kinetic energy compressor, having impellers, suitable for high flowrates and lower heads. These have limitations of surge and stonewall.

Positive Displacement compressor, with sliding plate within, compressing gas from lower to higher pressure. These are suitable for low flowrates and high heads. Have high maintenance.

Heat exchanger mounted on column bottom, which vaporises the column bottom liquid into the column. This reboiler introduces energy into column.

Heat exchanger mounted on column top, which partially or fully condenses the coulmn top vapour

This is the amount of liquid withdrawn from column at top of column, and is the top product.

This is the amount of liquid put back into column at top of column, with purpose being to push down heavy boilers into column

Height equivalent to theoretical plate. Used to specify packed bed heights based on number of distillation tray equivalents.

Can be random or structured type. Can be mande of metal, plastic or concrete type.

distillation tray with valves on it. This tray is vendor proprietory type.

distillation tray with bubble caps on it. This tray is costliest type.

distillation tray with holes in it. This tray is cheapest type.

Separation of components of a mixture based on relative volatility of each component

An equipment that compresses gas from lower to higher pressure, usually with

An equipment that compresses gas from lower to higher pressure, usually with >1.5 pressure ratio

Indicates the pressure and temperature that an equipment is designed for. These design conditions, if exceeded can lead to failure of equipment.

A device that eliminates vortex formation in outgoing fluid at outlet nozzles

A device that removes liquid droplets from gas.

The vessel is designed to separate gas from liquid as well as light liquid from heavy liquid e.g. gas, oil and water separation

The vessel is designed to separate gas from liquid

The separator is having vertical configuration with skirt supports or leg supports

The separator is having horizontal configuration with saddle supports

The fluid flow consists of gas and liquid both

These are performed to find out pressure drop or flow capacity in a system.

A submersible pump is a type of pump that operates while fully submerged in the fluid it is designed to pump. These pumps are widely used in applications where the fluid source is located below ground or in submerged environments, such as in wells, tanks, or basins.

A Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP), also known as a screw pump or moineau pump, is a type of positive displacement pump designed to handle fluids by transferring them through a series of small, fixed cavities. It is particularly effective for handling viscous, abrasive, or shear-sensitive fluids, making it a versatile choice across various industries.

Suction Specific Speed (Nss) is a dimensionless parameter used in pump engineering to evaluate the suction characteristics of a pump. It indicates the pump’s ability to handle fluid at a given flow rate without cavitation, which occurs when the pressure at the pump suction drops below the vapor pressure of the fluid.

Pump capacity refers to the volume of fluid a pump can move over a specific period of time.

The pump head refers to the height to which a pump can raise a fluid, typically expressed in units of length (e.g., meters or feet). It is a measure of the energy imparted to the fluid by the pump, often used to evaluate a pump’s performance.

Net Positive Suction Head, measure of pump prformance in terms of cavitation of fluid within pump

A diaphragm pump is a type of positive displacement pump that uses a flexible diaphragm to move fluids. The diaphragm’s reciprocating motion, combined with check valves, creates suction and discharge, allowing the pump to handle a wide range of liquids, including corrosive, viscous, and abrasive materials.

A peristaltic pump is a type of positive displacement pump that moves fluid through a flexible tube using a rotating mechanism that compresses and releases the tube in a peristaltic motion. This creates a seal along the tube, ensuring a controlled, unidirectional flow of liquid or gas without contamination.

A metering pump is a type of positive displacement pump that is designed to deliver precise volumes of liquid at controlled flow rates. These pumps are widely used in applications where accurate dosing, mixing, or injection of chemicals, additives, or other fluids is required.

Thermal conductivity is a material property that measures a material’s ability to conduct heat. It describes how efficiently heat energy is transferred through a material when there is a temperature difference across it.

Viscosity is a physical property of fluids (liquids and gases) that measures their resistance to flow. It describes how “thick” or “sticky” a fluid is.

Comprehensive Guide to Cooling Towers: Types, Usages, and Benefits Cooling towers are essential in many industries for heat dissipation and process cooling. They come in various designs and capacities to meet diverse needs. This guide covers everything you need to know about cooling towers, including their types, usages, flowrate ranges, components, advantages, and disadvantages. Types […]

Pumps: Types, Usages, Components, and Calculations Everything you need to know about pumps for industrial and domestic applications. Types of Pumps Centrifugal Pumps: Used for water supply, irrigation, and HVAC systems. Advantages: Simple design, low maintenance, large flowrates. Disadvantages: Less efficient for high-viscosity fluids. Positive Displacement Pumps: Includes gear, diaphragm, and screw pumps. Advantages: Precise […]

Streamline Your Pump Design with Centrifugal Pump Design Calculation Excel Accurate calculations are the backbone of efficient centrifugal pump design. Our Centrifugal Pump Design Calculation Excel tool simplifies the process, offering a quick and reliable way to calculate key parameters like Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) and hydraulic power. What Does the Calculator Include? This […]

Effortless Heat Exchanger Design with Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Calculator Excel Designing a shell and tube heat exchanger requires precise calculations to ensure optimal performance and cost-effectiveness. Our Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Calculator Excel tool simplifies this process, providing quick and accurate estimates for key parameters critical to your design. What Does the […]

Simplify Your Pressure Relief Valve Sizing with PSV Sizing Calculation Excel Proper sizing of pressure safety valves (PSVs) is critical for ensuring the safety and efficiency of industrial systems. Our PSV Sizing Calculation Excel tool streamlines the process, helping you determine the appropriate API-compliant relief valve sizes based on key process parameters. What is PSV […]

Optimize Your Heat Transfer Efficiency with TEMA Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Shell and tube heat exchangers are the backbone of efficient thermal energy management in various industrial processes. Designed per the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA) standards, these versatile heat exchangers ensure high performance and reliability. Understanding TEMA Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers TEMA […]

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Jeferson Costa is a chemical process engineer with plant design expertise, and the majority of his sessions are available for free on the internet. It's a great way for a fresher to get started as a chemical process engineer with his free content, and if you need more help, check out one of his training [...]

You asked, we heard. Interest in Mihir’s Handbook from engineers worldwide has been overwhelming. However, feedback has made us realize two bottlenecks that hold readers back from purchasing the book. Currently, direct-download allows for reading the e-book on only one Windows device. A solution is to purchase the USB Pendrive version, which may be accessed […]

Mihir's handbook has 44 eBooks and it is based on practical process engineering and it is written for all level of chemical engineers. It has covered many topics which is not available in any other books. In addition to chemical engineering, the book contains project management chapters. Process engineering documentation are included for working engineers. [...]

Delivering Mihir’s Chemical Engineering Books in United States in device form i.e. USB Pendrive from India to United States takes about 7 to 10 days. And overseas shipping is about $40 which is quite unaffordable for many users. Both, delivery time and expensive shipping price were holding them back from getting their copy. In order [...]

3.5 OVERALL PUMP OPTIONS: The following chart gives an introduction of pump selection options as a function of flow and required head.           Fig 3.1: Pump Selection Guide Chart              Pump Capacity, gpm    Fig 3.2 Centrifugal pump selection chart The specification of process pumps involves a step-by-step approach.  The process [...]

6.4.1 TEMA Types TEMA standards cover the heavy-duty heat exchangers (TEMA R) as well as the lighter duty heat exchangers (TEMA C and TEMA B). Refineries typically use only the TEMA “R” heat exchangers due to the generally severe requirements of petroleum applications; however, more moderate process services may warrant consideration of TEMA B construction. [...]

Case Scenario: A fixed roof tank storing flammable material is having inert gas blanketing. The outlet of nitrogen blanket is taken to a LP flare system. Below is the sequence of pressure set point engineering (refer figure 7.37 below also): First, calculate the inbreathing and outbreathing flow rates based on API 2000. Next based on [...]

16.2.2 Liquid Fuel 16.2.2.1 Introduction Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue.  Broadly speaking, fuel oil is any liquid petroleum product that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power.  In this [...]

 26.1 PROJECT STAGES: A process engineer should be aware of the various stages (table 26.1) that a project can undergo. It is not necessary for all projects to pass through each and every of below mentioned stages. However, it is important to understand significance of each. It is to be specifically noted that there is [...]

24.1 Flame Arresters: Flame arresters are used: to stop the spread of an open fire to limit the spread of an explosive event that has occurred to protect potentially explosive mixtures from igniting to confine fire within an enclosed, controlled, or regulated location to stop the propagation of a flame traveling at sub-sonic velocities Few [...]

29.5 TITLE OF DOCUMENT: Equipment List PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT: Equipment list communicates to rest of engineering team, all of the equipment and package units involved in the engineering. Equipment list is used by other departments for following purpose: Based on the equipment list, Planning Department prepares the detailed schedule / planning using Primavera and it [...]

30.7 - Technical Evaluation Guidelines for Screw Compressors: Standard: Generally, screw compressors are specified and manufactured as per manufacturer standard for compressed air service. Gas screw compressors are manufactured as per API 619 for compressor and API 614 for oil system. Following are the evaluation criteria: 1. Vendor should be asked to submit the following: [...]

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